A Pediatric Case Report: Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor or Ganglioglioma?

Case Report

Austin Pediatr. 2023; 10(1): 1082.

A Pediatric Case Report: Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor or Ganglioglioma?

Mezdaoui I*; Radi A; Kmari M; Hassani A; Abilkassem R; Agadr A

Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital Mohamed V Rabat, Morocco

*Corresponding author: Mezdaoui IDepartment of Pediatrics, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, Rabat, 10010, Morocco. Tel: 00 212 611 22 97 50 Email: Imane.mezdaoui@gmail.com

Received: September 13, 2023 Accepted: October 19, 2023 Published: October 26, 2023

Abstract

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET) is a benign glioneuronal neoplasm that most frequently affects children and young adults. It can cause chronic seizures that are medically refractory. This tumor’s cortical architecture and absence of a bulk effect or perilesional edema on radiographs are its defining features. The most typical manifestation of seizures is focal seizures with impaired awareness. Three DNET histologic subtypes have been identified. For either complicated or simple DNET types, histological detection of a distinct, particular glioneuronal component in brain tumor samples from individuals with medically refractory, chronic epilepsy serves as a diagnostic characteristic. We present one case of a child diagnosed with DNETs, who arrived at the hospital following seizures. The clinical, radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics characteristics of all three forms of DNETs as well as the differences between DNETs and gangliogliomas will be the main topics of this review.

Keywords: Child health; Epilepsy and seizures

Introduction

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors (DNET) are benign tumors that are both glial and neuronal, mostly diagnosed in children and young adults [1,2], usually in the 10-14 age category. Histologically speaking, the presence of oligodendrocyte-like cells is what distinguishes them from other brain tumors [3]. DNETs usually manifest with chronic drug resistance seizures, especially focal seizures with impaired awareness [4]. We report a case of a child who presented with new seizures and found to have DNET on MRI imaging.

Case Presentation

A 4 and a half-year-old female child with no medical history and no history of seizures, presented to the hospital following a witnessed episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures along with fever treated as a febrile seizure and was discharged from the ER.

Two months later, the child presented repeated generalized tonic-clonic seizures with loss of consciousness. The patient was then transferred to our hospital for a higher level of care.

Upon admission, she was oriented to time, place, and person. Her blood pressure and oxygen saturation were normal. The rest of her vital signs were within normal limits. The remainder of the initial examination was normal.

Routine laboratory testing, including a complete blood count and a metabolic panel were normal. The EEG recorded left temporal interictal abnormalities with activation during intermittent light stimulation. A brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan was obtained, which showed a heterogeneous left parietal tumoral lesion with a double cystic and tissue composition, absence of enhancement after injection of paramagnetic contrast, thinning of the cranial vault next to the cystic lesion and absence of peri-lesional edema in favor of DNET (Figure 1).

Citation: Mezdaoui I, Radi A, Kmari M, Hassani A, Abilkassem R, et al. A Pediatric Case Report: Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor or Ganglioglioma?. Austin Pediatr. 2023; 10(1): 1082.