A Review on Covid 19 and its Prevention and Control

Review Article

Austin J Infect Dis. 2024; 11(1): 1096.

A Review on Covid 19 and its Prevention and Control

Derara Bidira Lemma¹*; Adugna Girma Lema²

¹Ejere Woreda Animal Health Professional, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

²Yemelogi Welel Woreda Agriculture Office, Livestock development department. Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

*Corresponding author: Dr. Adugna Girma Lema Yemalogi welel Woreda Agriculture Office, Kellem Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia. Tel: +251 0911925885 Email:- abdiadugna4@gmail.com

Received: December 11, 2023 Accepted: January 24, 2024 Published: January 31, 2024

Summary

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, can infect people with mild to severe illnesses. The objective of this review is to explain about COVID-19 and its prevention and control.In the months following the pandemic’s initial detection in China in December 2019, it has quickly spread over the globe. Massive loss of human life has created public health challenges, overburdened health systems, disrupted supply chains and the economy, while triggering a mental health crisis. Fever, cough, lethargy, mild dyspnea, sore throat, headache, conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal problems are the predominant signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Public health is facing a global challenge from new and reemerging microorganisms. The extremely contagious disease coronavirus (COVID-19) has created significant risks to the world’s health. Transmission happens when a person comes into touch with contaminated fomites and breathes in droplets from an infected individual’s coughing and sneezing. Everyone of the country or every citizen of the country must trained on prevention and control methods of COVID-19, like the importance of vaccination, regular adequate hand washing, practice covering mouth and noses anytime or while coughing and sneezing, isolate themselves if they are sick and should adopt them.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Pandemic; Prevention and control

Abbreviations: WMHC: Wuhan Municipal Health Commission; WHO: World Health Organization; RT-PCR: Real Time- Polymerase Chain Reaction; SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid; ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; CT: Computed Tomography; NAAT: Nucleic Acid Amplification Test; CDC: Center for Disease Control and prevention

Introduction

The coronavirus is a member of a group of viruses that can cause a number of symptoms, including pneumonia, fever, difficulty breathing, and lung infection. It is a positive single-strand RNA virus with an envelope. It belongs to the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, as its name implies, whose members have distinctive spikes that resemble "crowns" on their surfaces [46]. Although these viruses are widespread among animals worldwide, only a small number of human infections have been reported (Li et al., 2020). A small Huanan South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China was reportedly connected to a cluster of people with pneumonia of unclear cause in December 2019 (Amite et al., 2020).

The newly discovered virus that started causing pneumonia on February 11th, 2020 was identified by the World Health Organization as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (WHO). Since the virus's initial appearance in China, in December 2019, its incidence had been rising at an epidemic rate. The virus was consistently referred to as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the international virus classification commission [56]. The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, designated the SARS-CoV-2 to be a worldwide pandemic due to its high contagiousness and rapid global expansion [47].

The emergence of SARS-CoV- 2 in the latter part of 2019 is perhaps the biggest health threat in living memory. This novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, remains a significant threat to life [11]. Massive loss of human life has created public health challenges, overburdened health systems, disrupted supply chains and the economy, while triggering a mental health crisis [17]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes morbidity and mortality, especially for those who are not vaccinated against COVID-19, and those with chronic medical conditions, and immune-compromised. A mental health crisis was sparked by the loss of human life, which also overwhelmed health systems, disrupted supply lines, and the economy [6,17].

Citation: Lemma DB, Lema AG. A Review on Covid 19 and its Prevention and Control. Austin J Infect Dis. 2024; 11(1): 1096.