Reactions of Diatom Ulnaria Ulna on Neurotransmitters and Their Antagonists

Special Article: Biodiversity and Conservation

Austin Environ Sci. 2023; 8(1): 1092.

Reactions of Diatom Ulnaria Ulna on Neurotransmitters and Their Antagonists

Victoria V Roshchina*

Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Biological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

*Corresponding author: Victoria V Roshchina Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Biological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, Pushchino, 142290, Russia. Email: roshchinavic@mail.ru

Received: April 13, 2023 Accepted: May 17, 2023 Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Exogenous compounds known as neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine and serotonin and their antagonists d-tubocurarine, muscarine, yohimbine, tavegyl and inmecarb were tested on unicellular diatom algae Ulnaria ulna, where they demonstrated signaling and regulatory functions. The most primitive single-cellular organisms like diatoms exhibit a marked sensitivity to neurotransmitters and their antagonists, indicating a possible reception mechanism, similar to those observed in mammals.

Keywords: Acetylcholine; Antagonists; Biogenic amines; Diatoms; Dopamine; Histamine; Luminescence microscopy; Reception; Serotonin

Introduction

In biocenosis, neurotransmitters secreted by plants, animals, or microorganisms are exogenous signals. Chemical interactions, involving biogenic amines and acetylcholine, may play the important signaling role in the normalization and manifestation of stress [1,2]. Exogenous neurotransmitters may regulate the growth and development of not only highly organized multicellular plant organisms, but also unicellular ones, and thereby play a significant role in plant life. However, there is small information how it takes place in water medium. It is known experimental data dealt with the determination and effects of biogenic amines in unicellular algae Chlorella [3] and in multicellular algae Ulvaria obscura and Chara vulgaris [4,5]. The data demonstrated the influence of the compounds on animal organisms - planarians and mollusks [4,5]. The dopamine in green algae Ulnaria obscura prevented the organism from the eating by herbivorous snails, crustaceans and urchins [6].

Among water inhabitants the simple unicellular diatom algae Ulnaria ulna demonstrated the cholinesterase activity [7] that relates to hydrolysis of exogenous acetylcholine secreted with other organisms.

Moreover, this object produced biogenic amines- dopamine, histamine and serotonin itself [8]. It seems useful in our present study to observe this model cellular system for analysis of its reactions on exogenous neurotransmitters and their antagonists in order to know possible sensitivity and receptor mechanisms.

Materials and Methods

The object of study of diatoms Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compere from seven. Bacillariophyta (lines 2.0-419 and 2.0-903) cultured in 100ml vessels on a nutrient medium that included KH2PO4 6.63, CaCl2 6.51, NaCl 3.47, MgCl2 5μg/L and silica gel (Fluka, Austria) 2μg/L as a silicon source [8].

Growth of culture was controlled according to autofluorescence at 680 nm related to the chlorophyll which contained in the photosynthetic organisms (Figure 1). The main parameter for observation is the amount of the red fluorescing cells of each probe on slaids in 10 fields of the microspectrophotometer/microfluorimeter MSF-15 (LOMO, Russia) and luminescence microscope Leica DM 6000B (CшA-Abctpnr). Number of red-light fluorescent cells in 10 fields of view of a luminescent microscope were counted on an object slide. Results were expressed statistically with a standard error of mean + SEM of 4 replications (n=4 object slides) for each variant and control.

Citation: Roshchina VV. Reactions of Diatom Ulnaria Ulna on Neurotransmitters and Their Antagonists. Austin Environ Sci. 2023; 8(1): 1092.