Epidemiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care

Case Series

Austin J Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2023; 11(1): 1110.

Epidemiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care

Hicham Bennani¹*; W Atmani¹; Y Arjouni¹; Abdelouahed Houba²; Nawfal Doghmi²

¹Resuscitation Service, Department of Anesthesia Resuscitation, Mohammed V Military Hospital Rabat, Morocco

²Professor, Resuscitation Service, Department of Anesthesia Resuscitation, Mohammed V Military Hospital Rabat, Morocco

*Corresponding author: Hicham BennaniResuscitation Service, Department of Anesthesia Resuscitation, Mohammed V Military Hospital Rabat, Morocco. Email: hicham.bennani.med@gmail.com

Received: February 06, 2023 Accepted: March 25, 2023 Published: April 01, 2023

Abstract

Objective: Describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 6 months (August 2020 to February 2021) carried out at the COVID-19 resuscitation service of the Mohammed V military hospital.

Results: During the study period, all patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 300 were admitted to intensive care. The average age of patients was 67±11 years, with 217 male (72.3%) of cases, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 2.61. The majority of patients with at least one medical comorbidity 54%, including diabetes (35.7%), high blood pressure (31.8%), and obesity (29.7%). The mortality rate was 53.3% of all patients admitted to intensive care.

Conclusion: During this period all patients declared COVID-19 a small proportion of patients were admitted to intensive care. These patients were mainly elderly and male, with at least one comorbidity.

Keywords: COVID-19; Comorbidity; Mortality rate; Intensive care

Introduction

Corona viruses are an important human pathogen, and research on their behavior dates back more than a century [1]

In late 2019, a novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, China, and spread around the world.

In February 2020, the World Health Organization designated COVID-19 (for coronavirus disease 2019) as the name of the human disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was previously known as 2019-nCoV [2].

SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Coronaviridae family, enveloped in single-stranded RNA viruses. Coronaviruses are so named because of the crown seen on electron micrographs that represent their densely packaged membrane proteins [3].

From an epidemic in China to a pandemic declared by WHO on 30 January 2020 [4].

Africa was reached later than other continents, but as of May 3, all African countries had reported at least one case. As of June 9, 2020, although the numbers are likely underestimated, Africa had nearly 200,000 confirmed cases, and more than 5,000 deaths, with 25 countries having more than 1,000 active cases. [5]. Viral pneumonia is the main respiratory attack caused by this virus up to severe acute respiratory failure requiring management in the resuscitation unit [6]. The main objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the COVID-19 intensive care unit at HMMV.

Materials and Methods

Type, Location, and Period of Study

This is a case-control study conducted at the COVID resuscitation department of HMMV over a period of 6 months, between August 2020 and February 2021.

The Sample Studied

The study included patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for COVID-19 pneumonitis whose diagnosis was confirmed by a positive COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or retained on clinical-biological and radiological arguments.

Data Collection

An operating sheet was established for the collection of patient records data by on-call resuscitation physicians at the COVID resuscitation unit at the time of their admissions and included the following elements: Age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac pathologies, and evolution (survival or death).

Definition of Variables

The outcome was mortality

The exhibition factors were:

Age

Sex

Obesity (BMI >30)

Diabetes (Diabetes ATCD or GAJ >1.26 measured 2 times

HTA (HTA or TA >140/90 measured 2 times after a rest interval of 15min) Cardiac disease (all subjects followed for ischemic heart disease, arrhythmogenic heart disease, orcardiac insufficiency)

Data Analysis

The statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS statistics software (version 10). The continuous variables were expressed as an average +/- Standard Deviation, and compared by student t-test; while the categorical variables were expressed as a percentage and compared by Chi-two test or Fisher exact test.

The work has been approved by the ethics committee for the biomedical research faculty of medicine and pharmacy Rabat

Results

We collected 300 cases during the study period.

Age

The average age was 67±11 year. The age group represented most was 57 to 78 (Figure 1).