Scholarly Open Access Peer Reviewed Medical Science Journals

Introduction: Uncompleted visits to the Emergency Department (ED) are frequently encountered by healthcare professionals and have been suggested to represent a quality and safety concern. Patients who leave the ED without being seen by a physician (LWBS) and patients who Leave Against Medical Advice (LAMA) have been reported to make up between less than 1% and up....

Introduction: Probiotic functional foods are reported to provide several health benefits. Their efficacy are influenced by the selection of microbial cultures and the concentration of viable population in the product [32]. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are associated with maintaining an optimum gut microbiota balance [35], decreasing the lactose intolerance symptoms [30], immune....

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is on the rise globally. According to estimates provided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 537 million persons worldwide have diabetes in 2021.This projection indicates that the figure is expected to reach 643 million by 2030 and escalate further to 783 million by 2045. The glucose-haemoglobin complex known as glycated Haemoglobin....

Introduction: Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from different anatomic sites. In the latest WHO guidelines 2019, NENs are separated into welldifferentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (NECs), as these two types of neuroendocrine neoplasms differ substantially in their....

Introduction: In 21st century, nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising and innovative research areas. This technology is progressing day by day as it possesses extensive applications in biomedical sciences, energy sciences, biotechnology, tissue engineering, material sciences and environmental technology....

Introduction: The increasing recognition of the impact of nurse injuries on both individual healthcare professionals and the broader healthcare system has prompted a surge in research efforts to....

Introduction: Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma (IVLBCL), historically known as angiotropic lymphoma, was first described in 1959 as an endothelial neoplasm with vascular spread [1]. Nowadays it is considered a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which has been updated and revised in 2022 World Health Organization....

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulat ion [1]. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent reproductive disorder causing significant health consequences for women impairing quality of life and increasing morbidity....

Introduction: Morganian cataract is a hypermature cataract characterized by a brown nucleus that falls by gravity into a liquefied cortex. We report the case of a 65-year-old female patient with no notable pathological history who consulted us because of a progressive decrease in visual acuity in her right eye, without....

Introduction: A 5-year-old, the youngest of three siblings, exhibited intense photophobia since birth. Under anesthesia, the left eye showed intraocular pressure of 21 mmHg, subtotal aniridia with persistent iridic remnants both inferiorly and superiorly, and an ectopic clear lens. The right eye had 25 mmHg intraocular pressure....

Introduction: We report the case of a 54-year-old female patient with no previous medical or surgical history, and no recollection of previous ocular trauma, who presented with a 5-year progressive decline in visual acuity. Ophthalmological examination of the right eye revealed visual acuity with finger movement and....

Introduction: We present the case of a 41-year-old patient, with no particular history, a marble worker by profession, who presented to the emergency department following a work-related accident involving the projection of a piece of marble into the left eye, causing penetrating trauma with an intraocular foreign body....

Introduction: Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States (U.S.) [1]. Recent studies suggested that COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with increased risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), especially shortly after exposure [2]. Patients with ischemic stroke and....

Introduction: Heterobilharzia americana, a parasitic schistosome, poses a health risk to dogs in the central and southeastern United States [1-3]. The natural definitive hosts of H. americana are the racoon (Procyon lotor) and nutria (Myocastor coypus), but domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) may also serve as a....

Introduction: In terms of fermented foods, fish is one of the most common products used as a fermented product. Southeast and East Asian countries are the leaders in this production [14]. In Thailand, a fermented fish product called pla-ra is the most popular lactic fermented fish product consumed as a condiment....

Introduction: Vitrectomy with the use of a silicone oil tamponade agent has been a well-established treatment method for retinal detachment [1]. As silicone oil is a non-absorbed medium, unlike gas, it requires a subsequent operation for removal once the retina has been stabilized. Silicone oil removal is recommended to....

Introduction: Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) originated in Egypt and East Mediterranean, but is widely cultivated in Iran, Japan, China, and Turkey [61]. Hence, Black cumin is confirming to be a medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals [70]. In Ethiopia, It is mainly cultivated in Amhara, Oromia, Tigray and SNNPRS and other....

Introduction: Pepper is the world’s most important vegetable after tomato and used as fresh, dried or processed products, as vegetables and as spices or condiments [1]. It’s a new world crop that belongs to the Solanaceae family, and the genus Capsicum. It is closely related to tomato, eggplant, potato and tobacco....

Introduction: The Pre-Anesthetic Consultation (PAC) is a vital part of the pre-operative planning process, playing an essential role in ensuring the safety and success of surgical procedures [1]. It takes the form of a medical meeting between the patient and the anesthesiologist prior to the surgical procedure....

Introduction: A 57-year-old male from the Philippines was referred to a glaucoma specialist from his comprehensive ophthalmologist for management of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG). He had been diagnosed with bilateral POAG in the Philippines several years prior, however, was unable to afford the medications....

Introduction: Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. Its overall prevalence varies from 0.1% to 4% of the global population. Mucosal lichen planus primarily affects the oral mucosa, followed by the genital mucosa, esophagus, and nasopharynx in ....

Introduction: The introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is an important milestone in the history of HIV disease, dramatically reducing morbidity and mortality and improving the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) [1]. However, due to several factors, including regimen....

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability among young adults [1]. So far, more than nineteen Disease-Modifying Treatments (DMTs) have been approved for the treatment of MS, each characterized by distinct mechanisms, safety profiles, and tolerability [2]. Natalizumab (NTZ) is....

Introduction: Addiction has become a complex presentation in recent times, [1] especially among the young age group [2]. This is a case report of an adolescent who started using some unusual psychoactive substances at the age of fifteen, with uniqueness in the usage and his presentations posing diagnostic and....

Introduction: Worldwide, about 540 million persons have diabetes [1]. Various complications occur during disease progression, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), and macrovascular complications. As the disease progresses, various forms occur....

Introduction: Cistanches herba is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value in history, known as “desert ginseng”. There are four species of Cistanches herba in China, which are Cistanche deserticola, Cistanche salsa, Cistanche tubulosa, and Cistanche sinensis. C. deserticola and C. tubulosa [1]. C. desert icola and....

Introduction: Non Hodgkin Lymphoma; (NL); is a heterogeneous group of pathologies of the immune system, with major prevalence in B cells [1]. The prevalence in E.E.U.U. is 19/100.000 persons [2]. Clinical manifestations include painless adenopathies, fever, weight loss, fatigue and itching [3]. Burkitt Lymphoma (BL); is a....

Clinical Image: Our case involves a 51-year-old patient who has been experiencing painless swelling in the right submandibular area for the past two years, with no impact on their overall health. The clinical examination revealed a non-painful, mobile, and soft mass in the right submandibular region, with unaffected skin and no signs of....

Introduction: Fish in all their forms, remain one of the most used foods in the world, with an average consumption level of 20.1 kg per capita [1]. In Cameroon, fish products contribute up to 25.5% of protein diet of the population [2]. In African countries including Cameroon, smoking fish remains the most suitable method for....

Clinical Image: Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a pathological condition characterized by the formation of lamellar bone in the soft tissue adjacent to a joint. It is commonly associated with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), burn injury, and orthopedic trauma [1]. HO can also occur in patients with....

Introduction: Walking sticks are essential mobility aids, significantly improving the lives of a substantial portion of the global population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2011 that around 10% of the world's population faces mobility challenges or disabilities. For these individuals, walking sticks are....

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. The primary cause of diabetes is oxidative stress and an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [17]. Untreated diabetes can lead to organ damage, including heart, eyes, and kidneys. There are two main categories of....

Introduction: Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been essential for treating and preventing human diseases [1,2]. Endowed with a wide variety of properties, plant species have been extensively studied in an attempt to identify which compounds are responsible for the multifaceted properties. In addition....

Introduction: A strong increase in environmental concerns has arisen in the last years. This fact, together with the continuous increase in petroleum prices and the overall depletion of fossil fuels, has encouraged researchers to develop new environ mentally friendly materials. One of the engineering fields that have....

Introduction: Compassion, defined as the ability to empathize with and alleviate the suffering of others, has garnered significant attention in the literature [11,17,21,41]. Within the realm of positive psychology, self-compassion has emerged as a construct with three fundamental components: self-kindness, common....

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) measurements, up to 80% of the population in some established countries have used natural products in their primary health care [22,38]. Furthermore, 80% of people are influenced by these types of treatment in Asian countries including....

Introduction: A 12 years old boy presented with diminution of vision, photophobia, and nystagmus in both eyes for the last 10 years. There was no history of ocular trauma or any systemic illness. Birth history was not relevant. There were no similar complaints in family. His best corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in both....

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is common among people with diabetes, particularly in older men who have had diabetes for years. Sexual dysfunction is one of the major and serious complications of diabetes. This common metabolic disorder not only affects sexuality through micro vascular and nerve damage but also has....

Introduction: SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites(SiC_f/SiC)are considered to be promising materials for future systems operating in extreme thermal and mechanical environments, due to their excellent properties including high temper- ature resistance, lightweight, high strength, low thermal expansion....

Introduction: In Israel, the duration to certificate a nurse takes four years. Of these, only about a quarter are intended for practical experience. Graduates of nursing schools are accepted into the ranks of nursing practitioners without prior experience, directly into the requirements of the provision and management of care in....

Introduction: Diabetes-related microvascular retinopathy is a well-known sight-threatening condition. Globally, 93 million individuals are currently affected by Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) [1]. Chronic high blood glucose is the direct cause of diabetic retinopathy, which damages retinal capillaries and leads to capillary leakage....

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that manifests as recurrent unprovoked seizures [1]. Most clinicians believe that the prognosis of epilepsy relates to seizure cessation upon treatment [2]. Therapeutic approaches include non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical interventions [1,2]. The ketogenic diet is....

Introduction: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (FUZI), is one of the famous traditional Chinese medicine, which known as "the primary medicine to restore yang and save reverse". The clinical application of FUZI in traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years and was mainly used for the deficiency....

Introduction: Coping with loss of a beloved person is one of the life’s biggest challenges for both adults and children. The parent’s death is a very stressful event in the child’s life. In the case of death, the child in the bereaved family loses his/her feeling of confidence and security. Children’s mood changes and they become....

Introduction: International Labour Organization (ILO) defines the term “health in relation to work” as not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but this includes the physical and mental elements affecting health which are directly related to safety and hygiene at work [1]. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is ....

Introduction: Multiple factors challenge signal detection in schizophrenia clinical trials, including insufficient understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenic psychopathology, inadequacy of trial designs, challenges in patient selection, and marginal sufficiency of efficacy endpoints [1,2]. In recent....

Case 1 Presentation: Written informed consent was obtained for publication of this case report according to standard of CARE guidelines. In March 2021, a 14 years old girl (39 kg) was transferred to our ECLS-center due to respiratory failure of unknown cause. Three days before admission to the hospital, the girl suffered from....

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality around the earth, and the illness's pathogenesis is still a mystery [1]. The interaction and complex correlation between blood flow dynamics, associated mechanical stress, and the remodeling of blood vessel properties has hampered detailed....

Introduction: Obesity constitutes a substantial global public health issue, given its association with increased morbidity, mortality, and consequential economic repercussions [1]. It is intricately connected to a heightened susceptibility to various chronic conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke...

Introduction: Coronary arteries are a network of vessels that runs through the middle of the heart. The delivery of oxygenated blood to the myocardium is their primary role. The left main coronary artery, which is divided into left anterior descending and circumflex branches, and the right main coronary artery are the....

Introduction: Maternal mortality and morbidity as a public health issue must also be considered as a matter of human rights. Massive bleeding, infection, unsafe abortion, hypertension, and prolonged or obstacle labor are probable complications of pregnancy. Effective interventions and care during....

Introduction: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an annual pulse crop with considerable variation in growth habit, vegetative characters, flower color and the size, shape and color of the pods and seeds (Onwueme and Sinha, 1991). The crop is rich in protein (22%), is a source of mineral especially....

Introduction: Venous Thrombo-Embolic Disease (VTE), encompassing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE), is a leading cause of maternal mortality [1]. While it remains a relatively rare occurrence, its impact is profound, contributing to 20% of maternal deaths in developed countries....

Introduction: Nurses face with fast developments, emotional demands and continuously changing practice which may make emotional display rules very significant [1]. Emotional display rules consist of “shared beliefs or norms about emotional displays” [2, p6]. They are circulated by organizational culture as well as....

Introduction: Several articles and reports have described the prelude to and establishment of municipally organized child oral health care in Denmark [1-4]. In short, a unanimous Parliament (Danish) supported the law in 1971, which stated that from 1st August 1972 municipalities should establish free oral health....

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is part of a group of chronic autoimmune diseases. Its etiology is unknown, however, it is characterized by intestinal inflammation and divided into Crohn's Disease (CD), which presents a discontinuous, transmural inflammation affecting the gastrointestinal ....

Introduction: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most important f ibre cash crops grown for fibre in over 83 countries with tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. The incidence of cotton pests is a significant factor that affects cotton production. The production is severely affected by insect pests, resulting....

Introduction: Passerines, part of the Passeriformes order, are omnivores found in tropical zones except Antarctica. They have three toe arrangements and are characterized by their 7.5-117cm body length. Passerines are omnivores and pollinators, assisting in plant growth. There are approximately 313 species....

Introduction: A 6-year-old child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (standard risk) who had received his first dose of maintenance treatment presented with a 3-day history of decreased visual acuity in his left eye with photophobia. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 8/10 in the left eye and 10/10 in the right....

Clinical Image: Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystemic granulomatous disorder characterized by the accumulation of non- caseating granulomas in the involved tissues. The prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with systemic sarcoidosis ranges widely from 13% to 79%. Ocular involvement is the presenting....

Clinical Image: Cancer is a most frequent cause of death across the world accounting for nearly one in six deaths. It is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body [1]. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution are....

Clinical Image: Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide and comprise of diverse group of tumors affecting the upper aero digestive tract. Head and Neck cancer include cancer in larynx, lips, throat, nose, salivary gland [1]. The type of treatment recommended depends on the....

Introduction: Surgical interventions require a coordinated effort from various medical professionals and resources, spanning the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. The availability of these resources is crucial, especially for surgeries that may necessitate postoperative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission....

Introduction: A joint is a point where two or more bones meet [1]. The lower limb of human is composed of three major joints namely: the hip joint, the knee joint and the ankle joint from superior to inferior [1]. The knee joint is the joint between the femur and the tibia and fibula, while the hip joint is....

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound impact on the world. Since its emergence, the virus has spread rapidly, causing widespread illness and death [1]. It has also led to significant disruptions in daily life, economies, and healthcare systems. In terms of daily life, many countries have....

Review: This case study was conducted to determine the Serp-prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii and Brucellsis in goats and their association in public health. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Brucellosis and Q-fever within local goat population of Sahiwal District. A total of 50 samples....

Introduction: The prevalence of thyroid carcinomas found during surgery in hyperthyroid patients is reported to vary widely, ranging up to 21.1 % [1-17]. Thyroid cancer is typically present with euthyroid or clinical/subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyrotoxicosis with suppressed TSH should lead to a lower incidence of....

Introduction: Lately, manipulating drug delivery systems has considerably evolved because of nanoscience expansion. It has some advantages based on their slower drug release and drug protection nature [1]. For examples; it was used for evading prompt in vivo clearance, unspecific absorption, and destroys....

Introduction: Due to the ever-increasing demand for cataract surgery, the UK has streamlined the referral pathway to a 2-step process [1]. Patients referred from the community are assessed face-to-face by service providers and then listed for surgery if suitable. Further approaches to address demand include....

Introduction: The discharge planning process is critical to ensure a successful transition from care in the hospital to home. The transition can induce stress, especially when the person has complex needs, which require extensive preparation to enable continuity of care for a safe and successful....

Introduction: The optometry profession’s status has changed over the past decades from mere refractionists to primary eye care professionals serving a growing clientele, providing screening and managing chronic eye conditions. World Council of Optometry describes the optometry profession as follows....

Introduction: The thyroid gland is the first endocrine gland developed during fetal embryology from the endoderm, which begins between the third and fourth week of gestation [1]. Thyroid ectopia is a rare malformation related to a failure of the thyroid gland to migrate during embryonic development....

Letter to Editor: The antibiotic rifaximin has been prescribed since the mid ‘80s to treat intestinal infections of Gram + and Gram -. Considering its effectiveness and consolidated use, in recent years rifaximin has been administered with or without scientific basis for other therapeutic meanings. In addition to....

Editorial: Malaysia being a multi-ethnic nation and predominantly Muslim, faces a complex HIV/AIDS situation with a particular emphasis on key populations due to stigma on both the disease and social-cultural factors [1]. To mitigate the further spread of HIV, PrEP has emerged as a promising preventive....

Introduction: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which the pathogenesis begins with altered melanocytes that stimulates the immune system’s cells. This triggers these cells to target melanocytes in the epidermis to be destroyed. Vitiligo can affect both genders and all skin types. It is characterized by....

Introduction: Antibiotics are widely used in the animal husbandry sector for therapeutics and non-therapeutic purposes In food animal production, treating individual animal is practically impossible, rather rendering treatment to the entire livestock by medicating them with low dose of antimicrobials through....

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) represent one of the most prevalent infections globally, impacting approximately 150 million individuals annually [4,20]. These infections can be anatomically categorized into lower (bladder, ureters, and urethra) and upper (kidneys) tracts. Additionally, UTIs can be....

Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus that belongs to the genus of betacoronaviruses. Its first case was reported in the Chinese capital city of Wuhan [1]. It emerged as a life-threatening disease which was later classified as a pandemic by WHO in 2020 [2]. Clinically it is manifested as....

Introduction: Adolescence is a transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. The terms adolescent, youth and young people are used interchangeably to represent people of young age. According to World Health Organization (WHO), adolescent refers to the age group 10 to ....

Introduction: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is characterized by kidney function impairment and permanent damage to the kidney’s ability to filter waste products and remove excessive fluid from the body [1]. It can be treated by kidney replacement therapy, including patients undergoing hemodialysis and....

Introduction: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also referred to as peanut, earthnut, or monkey-nut, is an annual herbaceous crop that is self-pollinating and indeterminate [1]. It is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world (Upadhyaya et al., 2010) and ranked as the fourth most important oilseed crop and....

Introduction: Lymphangiomas are benign congenital lesions which mostly affect the head and neck region [3]. They are progressive lesions, presenting as thin-walled and dilated vessels isolated from the arteriovenous circulation [2,4]. They are often diagnosed in early childhood, but may go....

Introduction: The profession of a physiotherapist frequently requires realizing some therapeutic procedures, which may constitute a serious strain for the organism [6,10,13,14,15,28]. Due to this fact, it is believed that physical effort in performing physiotherapy is a common phenomenon [2,4,7,8,24] for both....

Introduction: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) can be defined as a widespread hypercoagulable state that can lead to both microvascular and macrovascular clotting compromising blood flow resulting in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The consumption coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia will....

Introduction: One of the most commonly used and generally applied models to fix experimental data and quantitatively express the flow behavior of the inelastic time-independent fluids is the model proposed by Herschel Buckley given by the expression....

Introduction: The coronavirus is a member of a group of viruses that can cause a number of symptoms, including pneumonia, fever, difficulty breathing, and lung infection. It is a positive single-strand RNA virus with an envelope. It belongs to the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, as its name implies, whose members....

Introduction: Medicinal plants, also known as medicinal herbs, have been identified and started the practice since ancient dated within various civilizations before the period of modern medicine for treatment of human diseases. According to the Botanical survey of India, the Indian forest having around....

Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) refers to the presence of mild cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains compared to the previous level, but do not affect the independence of daily activities [1]. China has the largest number of MCI patients in the world. Studies have shown that....

Introduction: A Peste des petits ruminants is an acute, contagious, and frequently fatal disease of Small ruminants, caused by a Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae [1,2]. Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) spreads quickly in susceptible ruminant species, and the highest number of outbreaks occurs in....

Introduction: The determination of the surface physicochemical properties of the pharmaceutical powders and drugs before their manufacturing processes is necessary in providing an insight into the potential problems that may be encountered during dosage form production [1]. One of the most used techniques....

Introduction: The noise is defined as disagreeable and unwanted sound. Environmental noise pollution is contemplated as general stressor, augmenting mental stress, favors the development of cardiovascular disease and hearing loss [1,2]. The noise effects in the Operating Room (OR) were....

Introduction: Last decades, due to the enlarged efforts for sustainable development, the interest for eco-composites reinforced with natural fibers remarkably was increased [1-4]. Compared to the conventional technical fibers usually used as an reinforcements of the composite materials, Natural Fibers (NF) have....

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic inflammatory joint disease in today’s society, often necessitating treatment with Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) [1]. The most frequently prescribed conventional synthetic DMARD is Methotrexate (MTX) whose mechanism involves....

Clinical Image: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the UK. Coronary heart disease causes almost 66000 deaths each year, roughly 180 people each day, or one death every eight minutes [1]. Approximately one in eight men and one in fourteen women die from coronary heart disease....

Introduction: In January 2018, an 18-year-old woman was referred for a consultation for implantation. The main problem was agenesis of the upper lateral incisors. At that time, she was already finalizing orthodontic treatment with opening the gaps in the area where the implant was to be placed....

Introduction: Harlequin Syndrome is a rare condition caused by unilateral autonomic dysregulation affecting the face and sometimes the arms and trunk [1,2]. Patients demonstrate episodic, often striking, hemifacial flushing and diaphoresis with an abrupt demarcation at the midline. It is usually....

Introduction: Positive correlation was found between herd size and percentage of C. burnetii positive results (with PCR and/or ELISA tests) from bulk tank milk in Central and Eastern European dairy herds. Our previous study was to assess the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in dairy herds in Central....

Introduction: Concussions are complex injuries with a wide-range of symptoms that can involve the musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular and/or psychological systems [1,2]. Most adults demonstrate full recovery within 1-2 weeks, however, 5-58% can experience symptoms for weeks or months after....

Introduction: The livestock subsector supports and sustains livelihoods for 80% of the total rural population [1]. Despite the importance of livestock in the country, productivity is low [2]. One of the major constraints leading to such low productivity is shortage of feed in terms of both quantity and quality, especially....

Introduction: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, the commonest gastrointestinal malignancy and the second commonest cause of cancer death. In 2020, more than 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancers and more than 930,000 deaths were estimated to have ....

Introduction: Ethiopia has a tremendous dairy growth potential due to its vast animal population, which includes 59.5 million cattle, 30.70 million sheep, and 30.20 million goats [13]. It is one of Sub-Saharan Africa's developing countries with a big livestock potential, ranking first among African countries....

Introduction: The blue pigments azulenes are found in many types of plants, fungi, and invertebrate organisms [1,2]. Due to its physicochemical properties, azulene and its derivatives with manydouble bonds and their conjugated biologically active compounds have found application in technology....

Introduction: The biggest impediment to livestock production in the developing world is still a lack of feeds, both in terms of quantity and quality [1], especially during the dry season. Even in years with a favorable rainy season, there is not enough fodder to support animals due to a shortage of grazing....

Case Report: CLP is the most common and best-known congenital orofacial birth defect in humans. There has recently been evidence to support a multifactorial inheritance pattern. In a large series of patients, some appear to result from single mutant genes, some from chromosomal abnormalities, some from....

Introduction: The existence of nonlinear phenomena, such as multiple steady-states and oscillatory behavior in chemical processes is often regarded as problematic both from a practical and computational standpoint. Often, the nonlinearity is believed to present obstacles to computationally obtaining....

Case Report: As part of the management of the health problems caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to better manage patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the majority of elective surgeries were postponed to restrict access to the operating theatre and....

Case Report: Perspective A large of complications to do with laparoscopic surgery have to do with laparoscopic access1. The current common modes of access include the Open Hasson, Closed Veress needle, and Optical Trocar techniques. These are known to be associated with the following risks and....

Introduction: Suicide: A Global Health Crisis Suicide represents a significant public health challenge with far-reaching consequences. It stands as one of the leading causes of death across the globe, with a complex web of factors contributing to this dire outcome. According to the World Health Organization....

Introduction: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) is a group of sensory and motor disorders that occur as a result of a traumatic tissue injury such as fractures or dislocations [1-3]. Its annual incidence stands at 13.63 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, being more frequent in a ratio of 1.20 to 1 in women....

Introduction: The intricate relationship between physical exercise and mental health has been a focal point of scientific inquiry for several decades, yielding a wealth of knowledge and insights into how movement and mental well-being are interconnected. The positive ramifications of regular physical activity on....

Introduction: Treatment of newly diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) comes with myriad of different adverse effects based on the treatment regimen. This becomes especially important in advanced age population who often have poor tolerance to standard high-intensity chemotherapeutic agents. Azacitidine in....

Perspective: She had one son. She raised him to be a respectful adult. At the age of 33 Sava was living his best life. Working, traveling, enjoying his evenings leisurely but always making time for his mother. His father died in his teen years and his mother remarried. He described a step-father who was....

Introduction: Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) is a legume crop of the Fabaceae family originated in present day South Eastern Turkey and adjoining Syria (Sexena and Singh, 1987). It is the second most important food legume in the world after common bean. The major chickpea-producing countries are....

Introduction: Kurdistan, encompasses an extended area of Mesopotamia including Zagros, South and Southeast Anatolia with regular lows and heights caused by orogeny of the third geological period. Despite the prevalence of wide flatlands in Kurdistan, it is the source of the big and roaring rivers such as....

Introduction: Chronic Vascular Diseases (CVDs) contributed in about 32% of total global deaths in 2019, and 85% of that were due to heart attack and stroke with three quarters in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to this, the incidence of death due to hypertension, high blood sugar and obesity have....

Introduction: Thousands of years ago, the traditional Chinese medicine book 'Huangdi Neijing' recorded that 'Qi and blood in the three hundred and sixty-five veins of the twelve meridians flow into the face and inject into the orifices (facial seven orifices) [1]. In China, many traditional Chinese medicine doctors can....

Introduction: Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of heterogeneous antiphospholipid antibodies [aPL: Lupus Anticoagulants (LA), Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), antibodies against β2-glycoprotein-I (anti-β2GPI]. APS may be a contributory factor in....

Introduction: Globally, close to 800000 people die by suicide every year. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. It is estimated that for each person who dies by suicide, more than 20 others attempt suicide. Suicide attempt is a self injurious behavior with a nonfatal outcome....

Introduction: The skin is one of the largest organs in the human body, with primary functions including protection, maintenance of body temperature, regulation of water balance, prevention of external pathogens from entering, and transmission of sensory information [1,2]. The skin consists of....

Introduction: Thrombotic complications such as Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Acute Cerebral Infarction (ACI) and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) have often been reported and studied as Cancer-Associated Thrombosis (CAT) by many physicians and researchers [1-3]. The incidence of VTE is <0.1% in....

Introduction: Blood has played a significant role throughout the history of humanity, being associated with life, and expressed through myths and symbols in different cultures. The history of blood transfusion can be divided into three distinct periods: prehistoric, pre-scientific, and scientific. The scientific period was....

Introduction: Vitamin D is a well-known representative of a fat-soluble vitamin group. It is released, absorbed and transported with dietary fat. The common name “vitamin D” includes, in fact, two significant compounds - ergocalciferol (also known as vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (the other name is vitamin D3)...

Introduction: Mental health is shaped as per personal attributes, social circumstances, cultural issues, and person-culture interactions. It is crucial to be informed of the historical development of the mental health domain in society to comprehend socio-cultural conceptions around mental health. In primitive....

Introduction: Approximately 10% of bone sarcomas occur in the pelvis. The complex 3D anatomy of the pelvis and proximity of tumours to major vessels and nerves make surgical management particularly challenging. Extensive surgery is required to achieve an acceptable oncological margin and....

Introduction: Chickpea, locally known as Shimbra, is one of the major pulse crops in Ethiopia and in terms of production it is the second most important legume crop after faba beans [18]. Ethiopia is the largest producer of chickpea in Africa accounting for about 46% of....

Introduction: Opioids are majorly used to alleviate severe pain which is mediated through the mu receptor agonism in the brain [3]. Opioid use has however, been associated with abuse causing addiction leading to deaths of people due to respiratory depressant effects of....

Introduction: Embryo transfer is the crucial last step in an In Vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Despite the apparent simplicity of embryo transfer, difficult transfers are frequent and have been shown to significantly decrease the pregnancy rate [1-3]. According to the patient’s age, the type of treatment....

Introduction: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are defined by the presence of airflow obstruction, measurable structural changes in the airways, and inflammation [1]. According to the World Health Organization, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is anticipated to....

Introduction: Approximately 35% of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients are considered locally advanced non-metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis [1]. After surgical evaluation, patients may be treated with induction chemotherapy as a standard-of-care treatment for cT4N0M0....

Introduction: An eighty-one year old female with medical history of diabetes type II, rheumatoid arthritis, and hyperlipidemia, was referred to the emergency department of a tertiary re-ferral center with inflammation and drop of her left upper eyelid since the last twenty days. The clinical examination revealed....

Introduction: Coronaviruses cause respiratory and digestive diseases in vertebrates. The recent pandemic, caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, is taking a heavy toll on society and planetary health, and illustrates the threat emerging coronaviruses can pose to....

Introduction: Animal husbandry is an important agricultural activity in Taiwan, accounting for 32% of the entire agricultural production as reported in the Annual Report of the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan (Taiwan). However, considerable amounts of wastewater are produced daily in animal....

Introduction: Septic shock is the most severe form of sepsis and occurs when it is associated with hypotension and tissue hypo-perfusion. Timely intervention is vital, and identifying risk factors for sepsis on admission can be helpful for patient triage, individualized treatment, and medical decision-making....

Introduction: Currently, a shortage of health care staff is becoming a common problem in the global health sector. In this context, the absence of nursing staff holds significant importance in ensuring the effective operation of healthcare systems [1]. Hence, skillful, effective, and efficient human....

Introduction: Overuse of pesticides in agriculture contributes to soil, water, and air pollution, putting the health of operators and consumers at risk. The proposed European target is to reduce the use of chemicals by 50% by 2030 [1]. This goal implies an urgent need to find alternatives to pesticides and....

Introduction: Liberty^® intraocular lens is a product made by Medicontur Company. Its complex structure combines the features of a diffractive, trifocal lens with the EDOF structure (Figure 1a,b). The structure complexity only covers the central area, 3mm in diameter compared to 6mm, which is....

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that effects the tooth supporting apparatus. As bone loss is an inevitable feature of periodontitis, radiographs are a valuable tool as an adjunct to clinical examination. The most commonly used; periapical and panaromic radiographs, have....

Introduction: Lipomas, common benign tumors of soft tissues, are particularly rare in the hand, accounting for only 5% of upper limb locations [1]. The manifestation of a giant palmar lipoma, compressing the median nerve, is an exceptional occurrence. This rarity emphasizes the importance of....

Introduction: A 50 year-old female presented to the outpatient clinic with one year history of headache, which was dull frontal mild to moderate in intensity didt not cause any impairment of routine activities. Patient complains of sever menaupsal symptoms. She denied any visual changes, nausea, vomiting, or other....

Introduction: Inner ear malformations are present in about 20% of patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss [1]. Cochlear implantation in children with congenital deafness is an accepted auditory rehabilitation treatment for more than 20 years [2]. With the advances in radiological imaging over....

Introduction: There is clear evidence that Gastrointestinal (GI) Complaints (GIC) is common in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) [1-4]. Many different mechanisms of action lead to the dysfunction of the enteric nervous system, such as microangiopathy, autonomic neuropathy, myopathy, polyneuropathy, and....

Introduction: Penetrating complication in Crohn's Disease in the sense of a fistula occurs in about 35% of patients with Crohn's disease. A recent population-based database analysis estimated the cumulative incidence of fistulizing CD at 20 years from diagnosis to be 50%, of which 31% were....

Introduction: Disease factors: Studies have shown that basic indicators such as daytime sleepiness, sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), and nocturnal oxygen saturation decrease are associated with CPAP compliance [7]. However, there is also literature that does not find a....

Introduction: Complications during pregnancy and labour present varying degrees of risk to both the mother and fetus. A rare but often catastrophic condition that may occur is a rupture or fullthickness tearing of the gravid uterine wall. This may be complete when the serosal layer is....

Introduction: In 2019, worldwide, two out of every seven new HIV infections were among young people [1]. In 2020, an estimated 400000 and 150000 youths aged 15–24 years and adolescents 10–19 years newly acquired HIV worldwide respectively. Among which 4,200 new HIV infections occur weekly, with....

Introduction: Human society has been enlightened by the light of civilization through the introduction of the agricultural system. The agriculture sector has been making an important contribution to the development of the rural economy, food security, employment, poverty alleviation and self-reliance for....

Introduction: Cotton is the world’s most widely used natural fiber for making various textile products. Cotton fibers stand out and are used widely because of their special qualities, which include softness, versatility, absorbency, hydrophilicity, comfort permeability, no static electricity, ease of dyeing, and....